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3.11 分词作状语

豆豆   2021-10-11 09:34:46   742人已围观

分词作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语所表示的动作或状态(几乎)同时发生,有时先于谓语动词的动作发生,一般要用逗号同其它句子成分隔开。

1、例句一

Defeated, they withdrew into the valley.(分词动作先发生)

参考译句:他们被打败了,退回到山谷中。

2、例句二

He telephoned, saying that he wouldn’t come for supper.(分词动作同时发生)

参考译句:他打电话说他不来吃晚饭了。

1、分词作状语──表示时间

分词作时间状语时相当于when、while等引导的从句,这类状语通常放在句子前半部分。

1.1、例句一

Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. [= When they heard the news, they...]

参考译句:听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海去了。

1.2、例句二

Seen from the tower, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees. [= When it is seen from the tower, the south foot of the Purple Mountain...]

参考译句:从这个塔上远眺,紫金山南麓是树的海洋。

2、分词作状语──表示原因

分词作原因状语时相当于as、since、because等引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。

2.1、例句

Being Sunday, the shops are overcrowded. [= As it is Sunday, the shops...]

参考译句:因为是星期天,商店里顾客盈门。

3、分词作状语──表示方式或伴随情况

分词作方式或伴随情况状语时不能用状语从句替换,但常可改写为并列成分。

3.1、例句一

He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. [= He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.]

参考译句:他从小山上走下来,一路哼着曲儿。

3.2、例句二

He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. [= He hurried to the hall and was followed by two guards.]

参考译句:他快步走向大厅,身后跟着两个卫兵。

4、分词作状语──表示条件

分词作条件状语时相当于if、unless等引导的从句,这类状语要放在句子前半部分。

4.1、例句一

Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. [= If you turn to the right, you...]

参考译句:向右转弯,你就可以找到一条通到他的别墅的小路。

4.2、例句二

Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. [= If I am given another chance, I...]

参考译句:如果再给我一次机会,我会做得更好。

5、分词作状语──表示结果

分词作结果状语时相当于so that等引导的从句,这类状语通常放在句子后半部分,分词前面往往有副词thus或thereby,并由逗号同前面的句子成分隔开,常可译为【于是;所以;因而】等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语,也可以是前面的整个句子;逻辑主语若为前面的整个句子时,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

5.1、例句一

The output of steel increased by 15% last year, reaching 3,000,000 tons.(分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语【the output of steel】)

参考译句:钢产量去年增长了15%,达到300万吨。

5.2、例句二

Industrial robots have been brought into the workplace, (thus / thereby) leading to an increase in productivity.(分词的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子,相当于【which has led to...】)

参考译句:工业机器人已经被应用于工作场所中,因而提高了生产率。

6、分词作状语──表示让步

分词作让步状语时相当于although、even if等引导的从句。

6.1、例句一

Taking more care, I still made quite a few mistakes. [= Although I took more care, I still...]

参考译句:尽管我多加小心,还是犯了不少错误。

6.2、例句二

Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. [= Although he was wounded, the brave soldier...]

参考译句:虽然受伤,那勇敢的战士仍然继续作战。


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编辑发布时间:2021-10-11 09:34:46