3.11 分词作状语
豆豆 2021-10-11 09:34:46 742人已围观
分词作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语所表示的动作或状态(几乎)同时发生,有时先于谓语动词的动作发生,一般要用逗号同其它句子成分隔开。
1、例句一
Defeated, they withdrew into the valley.(分词动作先发生)
参考译句:他们被打败了,退回到山谷中。
2、例句二
He telephoned, saying that he wouldn’t come for supper.(分词动作同时发生)
参考译句:他打电话说他不来吃晚饭了。
1、分词作状语──表示时间
分词作时间状语时相当于when、while等引导的从句,这类状语通常放在句子前半部分。
1.1、例句一
Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. [= When they heard the news, they...]
参考译句:听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海去了。
1.2、例句二
Seen from the tower, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees. [= When it is seen from the tower, the south foot of the Purple Mountain...]
参考译句:从这个塔上远眺,紫金山南麓是树的海洋。
2、分词作状语──表示原因
分词作原因状语时相当于as、since、because等引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。
2.1、例句
Being Sunday, the shops are overcrowded. [= As it is Sunday, the shops...]
参考译句:因为是星期天,商店里顾客盈门。
3、分词作状语──表示方式或伴随情况
分词作方式或伴随情况状语时不能用状语从句替换,但常可改写为并列成分。
3.1、例句一
He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. [= He walked down the hill and sang softly to himself.]
参考译句:他从小山上走下来,一路哼着曲儿。
3.2、例句二
He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. [= He hurried to the hall and was followed by two guards.]
参考译句:他快步走向大厅,身后跟着两个卫兵。
4、分词作状语──表示条件
分词作条件状语时相当于if、unless等引导的从句,这类状语要放在句子前半部分。
4.1、例句一
Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. [= If you turn to the right, you...]
参考译句:向右转弯,你就可以找到一条通到他的别墅的小路。
4.2、例句二
Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. [= If I am given another chance, I...]
参考译句:如果再给我一次机会,我会做得更好。
5、分词作状语──表示结果
分词作结果状语时相当于so that等引导的从句,这类状语通常放在句子后半部分,分词前面往往有副词thus或thereby,并由逗号同前面的句子成分隔开,常可译为【于是;所以;因而】等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语,也可以是前面的整个句子;逻辑主语若为前面的整个句子时,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
5.1、例句一
The output of steel increased by 15% last year, reaching 3,000,000 tons.(分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语【the output of steel】)
参考译句:钢产量去年增长了15%,达到300万吨。
5.2、例句二
Industrial robots have been brought into the workplace, (thus / thereby) leading to an increase in productivity.(分词的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子,相当于【which has led to...】)
参考译句:工业机器人已经被应用于工作场所中,因而提高了生产率。
6、分词作状语──表示让步
分词作让步状语时相当于although、even if等引导的从句。
6.1、例句一
Taking more care, I still made quite a few mistakes. [= Although I took more care, I still...]
参考译句:尽管我多加小心,还是犯了不少错误。
6.2、例句二
Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight. [= Although he was wounded, the brave soldier...]
参考译句:虽然受伤,那勇敢的战士仍然继续作战。