2015硕士研究生英语二Text2翻译解析

1)  For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

许多年以来，很多研究已经发现：那些第一代大学生，他们的父母都没有大学学位，一系列的学习成绩因素落后于其他学生。他们的成绩更低并且他们的辍学率更高。但是这些学生一旦完成高等教育，他们更有可能在收入上获得提高，因此高效几十年以来被推动去多招收这类学生。这也就导致了一个关于招收第一代大学生的困局，但是有看着他们当中的许多人失败，意味着高等教育在持续的复制和放大，而不是缩小这种基于社会阶层的间隙。一篇即将发表在《心理科学》杂志的文章开头就这样沮丧的描述到。

achievement：n. 成就, 成绩, 功绩, 完成
factors：n. 因子, 因素, 系数, 要素v. 【数】把…化为因子[因数], 为…充当代理商, 代理经营, 代管(产业)
a range of：一系列; 一些; 一套 各种; 广泛的; 一系列的
dropout:n. 辍学者, 退学者, 拒绝传统社会的人
advance:n. 前进; 进展; 增加; 预支, 预付v. 前进; 使向前移动; 促进; 提出; 建议; 提高, 增加; 预支; 提前
        adj. 先行的; 前面的; 预先的, 事先的
economically:adv. 经济地, 节俭地, 节省地, 跟经济有关地
recruit：v. 吸收（新成员）, 征募（新兵）, 动员…（提供帮助）, （通过招募）组成n. 新兵, 新警员, 新成员
paradox：n. 悖论, 矛盾的人(或事物、情况)
reproduce：v. 繁殖生育；再生产，再制造；再现；复制
push to do sth：努力做某事；
watch sb do sth：看着某人做某事；注意这里的do用原形；
widen：v. 拓宽, 加宽, 放宽, （使）变宽
achievement：n. 成就, 成绩, 功绩, 完成
gap：n. 差距，隔阂；缺口，豁口，裂口
depressing：adj. 令人抑郁的, 令人沮丧的, 令人消沉的v. “depress”的现在分词
forthcoming：adj. 即将到来的
journal：n. 杂志，期刊；日记
Psychological：adj. 心灵的, 心理的, 精神上的, 心理学的

　　2)  But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

           但是这个文章实际上相当的乐观，正如它所概括的那样对于这个问题有一个可能的解决方案，一个方法（该方法需要一个小时，几乎没有成本）可以缩小第一代大学生和其他大学生之间63%的这种成绩差距（以分数这样的因素来衡量的话）。

article：n. 文章，论文, 物件, （协议、契约的）条款，冠词v. 列举(罪状), 控告, 把…逐条登载, 用条款约束
optimistic：adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的
outlines：v. 概述, 概括; 显示…的轮廓; 勾勒…的外形n. 提纲; 大纲; 概要, 梗概; 要点; 轮廓; 略图, 草图
potential：adj. 潜在的; 可能的n. 潜力, 潜能; 潜在性, 可能性; [物]电势
approach：v. （在距离或时间上）靠近，接近；接洽；建议；要求；（在数额、水平或质量上）接近；着手处理；对付
          n. （待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法，态度；（距离和时间上的）靠近，接近；接洽；建议；通路；路径；道路
next-to-no-cost：几乎没有成本的；
be true for ：符合于

　　3)  The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree。

      这个报纸的作者来自不同的大学，并且他们的发现是基于一项涉及147名未披露名词的私立大学的学生（完成此项目的学生）的研究。第一代大学生的定义是指他们的父母中没有4年大学学历，大多数第一代大学生（59.1%）获得过Pell奖学金，这个奖学金是一个联邦授予给那些大学毕业需要资助的学生的。然而这个真正仅有8.6%的学生至少有一个父母有一个4年的学历。

universities：n. （综合性）大学, 高等学府
unnamed：adj. 未披露姓名的, 不知姓名的
university：n. （综合性）大学, 高等学府
recipients：n. 接受者, 受方adj. 容纳的, 感受性强的
Pell Grants：佩尔助学金(美国政府所发,以参议员ClaibornePell名字命名)

　　4) Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

          他们的文章基于以下观点：一个相对适度的干涉可能会有一个较大的影响--第一代大学生可能最缺的不是潜力而是时间知识，关于如何处理这些大多数大学学生都要面对的问题。他们引用过去很多作者的观点证明这个间隙必须被缩小才能缩小学习成绩的差距。

thesis：n. 论文，学位论文；命题，论题
relatively：adv. 相当程度上, 相当地, 相对地
modest：adj. 谦虚的, 谦逊的; 适度的, 适中的; 朴素的; 不太大的, 不显著的, 较小的
intervention：n. 干预, 介入, 调解
impact：n. 撞击, 冲击力, 冲撞, 巨大影响v. 冲击, 撞击, 有作用
potential：adj. 潜在的; 可能的n. 潜力, 潜能; 潜在性, 可能性; [物]电势
practical：adj. 实际的，实用的
cite：v. 提及，举例；引用，引述；传唤；嘉奖
narrowed：adj. 狭窄的, 窄小的, 勉强的, 刚刚好的v. 使窄小, 变窄, 缩小n. 峡谷, (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分

　　5) Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the 'rules of the game，'and take advantage of college resources," they write And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students .Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experience，many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students' like them can improve.

         许多第一代大学生努力适应高等教育中的的中产阶级文化，学习他们的游戏规则，利用学校的资源，他写道，并且当这些大学对不同的学生群体利和弊闭口不谈的时候这就成了一个问题。因为美国的高校很少承认社会阶级如何影响学生的教育经历，许多第一代大学生不能理解为什么他们这么努力并且还搞不懂道像他们一样的学生改如何提高。

struggle：v. 努力，奋斗；挣扎；搏斗；争夺n. 斗争；奋斗；努力
navigate：v. 导航；航行, 飞行；驾驶；指引, 指导；小心引领；走过, 经过；浏览, 访问； 找到正确的行进方向
take advantage of:利用;占…的便宜;欺骗;捉弄
collages:n. 拼贴画, 拼贴艺术, 收集品, 收藏品
advantage:n. 优势, 优点, 有利条件, 有利因素v. 有利于, 使处于有利地位, 有助于
disadvantages:n. 不利因素, 障碍, 不便之处v. 使不利
seldom:adv. 不常；很少；难得
acknowledge:v. 承认；致意；公开感谢
lack sight about：看不见

　　26. Recruiting more first-generation students has_____.

　　[A] reduced their dropout rates

　　[B] narrowed the achievement gap

　　[C] missed its original purpose

　　[D] depressed college students

　　27 The authors of the research article are optimistic because_____.

　　[A] their finding appeal to students

　　[B] the recruiting rate has increased

　　[C] the problem is solvable

　　[D] their approach is costless

　　28 The study suggests that most first-generation students_____.

　　[A] are from single-parent families

　　[B] study at private universities

　　[C] are in need of financial support

　　[D] have failed their collage

　　29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students _____.

　　[A] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

　　[B] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

　　[C] can have a potential influence on other students

　　[D] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

　　30.We may infer from the last paragraph that_____.

　　[A]universities often reject the culture of the middle-class

　　[B]students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

　　[C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences

　　[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

参考资料：

1、参考翻译1

2、条件状语从句前置？