张先悦英语课堂笔记-五大基本句型+句子成分（二）

一、主语（subject）:

主语是句子的中心词，说明的人或事物。eg:

The sun rises in the east .(名词)

I like chatting online. (代词)

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Chatting on the Internet is interesting.(动名词)

To see is to believe.(不定式)

What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

(It 形式主语，主语从句是真正的主语)

It做形式主语

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

(It 形式主语，主语从句是真正的主语)

That the elephant is round and tall like a tree is very clear.

二、谓语（predicate）

谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面

We study English.

We can call Internets addicts. 网瘾

The first step is always the hardest.

A poor man is not necessarily unhappy.

三、表语（predicative）

表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)

You don't look it. (代词)

Five and five is ten.(数词)

He is asleep. (形容词)

The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)

My watch is gone/missing/lost. (形容词化到的分词)

The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)

系动词：

1、be 动词：am ,is ,are,was,were;

2、感官系动词：sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来，taste(尝，吃起来))；

3、变化系动词：become-变成；grow,turn,fall,go,run.... ;

eg：It sounds a good idea.

        The sound sounds strange.

        Her voice sounds sweet.

        Tom looks thin.

        The food smells delicious.

        The food tastes good.

        The door remains open.

        Now I feel tired.

四、宾语

1、动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。

eg: I like China. (名词)       

      He hates you.（代词）

      How many do you need? We need two.(数词)

      I enjoy working with you.（动名词）

      I hope to see you again.(不定式)

      Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)

2、介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾

eg: Are you afraid of the snake?

      Under the snow,there are many rocks.

3、双宾语---间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

eg:He gave me a book yesterday.

     Give the poor man some money.

五、宾补

       对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

eg: We elected him monitor.(名词)

      We all think it a pity that she didn't come here.(名词)

      We will make them happy.(形容词)

      Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)

      Don't let him do that.(省to不定式)

      His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式);

      Don't keep the lights burning.(现在分词)

      I'll have my bike repaired.(过去分词)

6、定语

      定语是修饰或者限定名词或者代词的词，词组或句子。

eg: Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

      He is our friend. (代词)

      We belong to the third world.(数词)

      He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)

      The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

      The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词)

      The boys playing football are in Class.(现在分词)

      The trees planted lasy year are growing well now.(过去分词)

      I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)

      You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

7、状语

      状语用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）1:04:00

eg:I will go there tomorrow.

     The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

     The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

     He studies hard to learn English well.

     He didn't study hard so that he failed in the exam.

     I like some of you very much.

     If you study hard,you will pass the exam.

     He goes to school by bike.

     Though he is young,he can do it well.

8、同位语

      同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。

eg: Mr Lin,our headmaster ,is giving us a speech.

      Beijing,capital of China,is developing fast.

      The engineer himself repaired it.

      We all got angry.

      We two will go to see you.

      The news that he will come is true.

第四课：29:04