张先悦英语课堂笔记-五大基本句型+句子成分(一)

一、句子分类

1、按句子的用途可以分为四种：

1、陈述句（肯定、否定）：

eg:He is six years old. / He isn't six years old.

2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：

eg:Do they like skating?

     How old is he? (特殊疑问句：what which where when why how ->5W+1H)

     Mary can swim,cant't she?

3、祈使句：

eg：Be careful,boys  . /  Dont't talk in class.

4、感叹句：

eg: How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：1、简单句；2、并列句；3、复合句；

简单句五大基本句型

注释：定语：adj. ;状语：adv.

1、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。eg:

She often reads English in the moring.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰、给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加丰富和充实。但不管如何变化，都只有一个主谓宾结构。

eg: He worked hard all his life.

      He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School.

2、并列句

      句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句

     并列句是由两个或者两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。他们之间用用连词连结。

 eg: You help him and he helps you.

       You help him, and he helps you.

并列句的分类（0:17:16）：

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,not only... but also...,neither....nor....,then 等连接。

eg: The teacher's name is Smith,and the student's name is John.

      Drinking of tea not only can make myself happy but also can improve  my memory.

      Neither the boy nor the girl konws where to go.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either...or...等。

eg:Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.

     Either you or I am going there tomorrow.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。

eg:He was a little man with thick glassess,but he had a strange way of making his classess lively and interesting.

      他个子不高，带着一副厚厚的眼镜，但他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。

eg：August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day  I work from dawn until dark.

3、复合句

      复合句是指含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。

      从句包括：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句，状语从句。

      句型：主句+连词+从句；或者：连词+从句+主句；

eg: The foreign vistors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

      When they were at the Great Wall,the foreign visitors took a lot of pictures.

      复合句就是含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，二另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分

eg: I live in a beautiful city where I was born.

      The first instructive experience took place while I was crossing the street.

Exercises 判断句型：

1、Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help her mother.

      (简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。homework及以前确实主语根本就不是一个句子)

2、What he says doesn't suit what he does.

      (复合句 包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句)

建议学习思路：先从简单句开始---》并列句----》复合句