2013硕士研究生英语二Text3

Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.

科学家已经发现，虽然我们很容易突然做出过激反应，如果我们花点时间思考一下我们可能会做出如何的反应。我们可以减少或者根除我们快速反应的负面影响。

       1、overreaction:过激反应，小题大做。   2、be likely to =be more likely to ：可能做某事 。3、hard-wired:直觉的、本能的，固有的，（计算机）硬连接线

Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.

快速决策是重要的自我防御机制，如果我们判断某人是否危险，我们的大脑和身体会本能的在毫秒内做出快速反应。但是我们需要更多的时间评估其他因素。研究显示：为了准确的告诉我们某人是否友好，我们最少需要1-5分钟的时间。它需要花一些时间去判断各个方面的特征，例如：神经质或者心胸开阔

       1、studies show：研究显示 。2、neuroticism：神经过敏症，神经质。3、open-mindedness:n. 心胸开阔；思想开放

        But snap decisions in reaction to rapid, even subliminal stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm. （？）Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.

       但快速刺激下的快速决策并不局限于人际交往范畴。多伦多大学的心理学家发现盯着快餐logo看几毫秒就可以使我们阅读速度快20%，尽管阅读和吃饭没啥联系。我们无意识地将快餐与速度和不耐烦联系在一起，并且将这些冲动带到我们正在做的其他任何事情中去。那些看到快餐标识的测试对象同样也倾向认为一个音乐偏低持续时间太长。

        1、interpersonal :人际关系的，人际的。 2、realm:n. 领域、范围、王国。3、prime sb to do sth:使某人准备好去做某事 。4、associate A with B：将A与B联系在一起；5、unconsciously:adv. 无意地, 不知不觉地

Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.

然而我们可以扭转这些影响，如果当我们看见一张笑脸时（好的销售代表和房产代理通常保持微笑的原因），我们会对消费商品或者房屋选择做出过激反应，那么我们可以在买它之前思考几分钟。如果我们知道女性招聘者往往更喜欢拒绝有吸引力的女性面试者，我们可以帮助招聘者正视他们的偏见---或者雇佣外部的招聘者。

 job screeners: 工作筛选者，招聘者，其中screener有机场安检员和筛选者的意思

John Gottman, the marriage guru made famous in Malcolm Gladwell's best-selling book “Blink,” explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study.When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.

因Malcolm Gladwell's 榜畅销书《Blink》而出名的婚姻专家John Gottman指出：我们只有基于快速反应的“厚片”进行长时间的研究后才能提出可靠的“薄片”信息。Gottman博士想要真正的评估一对夫妻是否会待在一起，他就会邀请他们去自己的岛上静养做更长时间的评估：两天，而不是两秒。

1、guru:n. 大师, 专家, 古鲁（印度教或锡克教的宗教导师或领袖）, 权威 。2、retreat:v. 撤退，后退，退缩；让步 n. 撤退；让步；隐居地；静养所

Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.

我们有能力通过暂停的方式来减缓我们的本能反应是我们不同于动物的地方：狗可以间歇性或者持续几分钟来思考未来。但是纵观历史，我们要花费大约12%的时间来思考更加长远的问题。虽然科技可能会改变我们反应的方式，但是它无法改变我们的本性。我们仍然有足够的想象力去抵抗诱惑，扭转过激反应。

mute:adj. （人）哑的，沉默的；（活动）无声的n. 哑巴，弱音器v. 消音，减音

附录：

1、154-157

2、1 hours+1 hours